MySQL Type Performance (varchar vs text)
Great article about the difference between the varchar type and the text type in MySQL.
To quote (emphasis added):
[L]et’s start out with the two new VARCHAR(30000) columns. In a normal MyISAM table, with a dynamically sized row, these two columns only take as much space as the data they contain (plus 1 byte). That is, if I had a row and these two columns only had 10 bytes of data in them, the row size would be (10+1)*2+[other columns]. However, if I happened to convert this MyISAM table to use fixed-length rows, or I was using the MEMORY storage engine, the row size would be 30000*2+[other columns]. Currently, according to my dataset, these dynamically sized rows only required an average of 1,648 bytes per row.
The full article can be viewed here.